Measurement(मोजमापन)-mpsc science
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Table Of Contain-Measurement(मोजमापन)
Intro of Measurement(मोजमापन)
➤It is need to have a specific Quantity of that matter to measure it correctly and that standard is called as UNIt.
➤Matter,things and substances are measured by various type of concept
➤ CGS Unit- centimeter Gram second Unit
➤ FPS Unit-Foot,Pound,Second
➤ MKS Unit-Meter,Kilogram,Second
➤ SI Unit-International Unit -in 1790 French created this measurement standards
➤There are two more types of unit
Fundamental Units
➤ A base unit is a unit adopted for measurement of a base quantity. A base quantity is one of a conventionally chosen subset of physical quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in terms of the others
➤There are 7 fundamental units.
| physical quantity | unit | abbreviation |
|---|---|---|
| mass | kilogram | kg |
| length | meter | m |
| time | second | s |
| temperature | Kelvin | K |
| amount of substance | mole | mol |
| electric current | ampere | A |
| luminous intensity | candela | cd |
Derived Unit
➤This Units are derived from fundamental units
| Parameter | SI Unit | Abbreviation | Definition |
|---|---|---|---|
| Frequency | hertz | Hz | 1/s |
| Force | newton | N | kg*m/s² |
| Pressure | pascal | Pa | N/m² |
| Work or Energy | joule | J | N*m |
| Power | watt | W | J/s |
| Electric Potential | volt | V | W/A |
| Electric Resistance | ohm | ohm | V/A |
| Quantity of Charge | coulomb | C | A*s |
| Electric Capacitance | farad | F | C/V |
| Conductance | siemens | S | A/V |
| Magnetic Flux | weber | Wb | V*s |
| Magnetic Flux Density | tesla | T | Wb/² |
| Inductance | henry | H | Wb/A |
| Celsius Temperature | degree | °C | K |
| Luminous Flux | lumen | lm | cd*sr |
| Illuminance | lux | lx | lm/m² |
| Activity | becquerel | Bq | 1/s |
| Absorbed Dose | gray | Gy | J/kg |
| Dose Equivalent | sievert | Sv | m²/s² |
Scalar Quantity
➤ The physical quantities which are specified with the magnitude or size alone are scalar quantities.
➤ For example, length, speed, work, mass, density, etc.
Vector Quantity
➤ Vector quantities refer to the physical quantities characterized by the presence of both magnitude as well as direction.
➤For example, displacement, force, torque, momentum, acceleration, velocity, etc.
Difference between Scalar And Vector
| Criteria | Scalar | Vector |
| Definition | A scalar is a quantity with magnitude only. | A vector is a quantity with the magnitude as well as direction. |
| Direction | No direction | Yes there is the direction |
| Specified by | A number (Magnitude) and a Unit | A number (magnitude), direction and a unit. |
| Represented by | Quantity symbol | Quantity symbol in bold or an arrow sign above |
| Example | Mass and Temperature | Velocity and Acceleration |
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